Can the New York Times Save Journalism From Our AI Overlords?

For astir companies, spending upwards of $20 cardinal connected a azygous ineligible combat with an uncertain result mightiness mean the brag has immoderate explaining to do. For A.G. Sulzberger, the steadfast of The New York Times, that mentation is simple: It’s the outgo of defending journalism—at the Times and everyplace else.

Sulzberger, who took connected the steadfast relation astir a decennary agone and has been an influential person successful the Times’ much-lauded propulsion into integer innovation, has nary shortage of defending to bash lately. Nearly 3 years ago, the Times sued OpenAI and Microsoft for copyright infringement, alleging that the companies illegally utilized New York Times journalism to bid AI models. That ineligible case, successful which motions are inactive being filed astir find requests, is lone 1 beforehand successful a broader battle: The Trump medication is waging an ongoing warfare connected property freedoms—most precocious with an outrageous effort to subpoena Times journalists implicit sum of the president’s Qatar-gifted pitchy to beryllium utilized arsenic Air Force One—while AI companies radically reshape the mode radical find and devour accusation online.

The Times has arguably ne'er been stronger arsenic a business, having precocious surpassed 13 cardinal subscribers, and its newsroom is wide seen among journalists arsenic 1 of the astir unchangeable and well-resourced successful the business. Still, Sulzberger believes that journalism itself is facing myriad existential dilemmas—from an medication acceptable and consenting to people reporters, from AI companies whose products beryllium connected the precise reporting they hazard undermining, and media companies being demolished by the changes they’re unleashing connected the unfastened web.

I sat down with Sulzberger successful precocious July astatine WIRED’s offices. We talked astir that Times lawsuit, however and wherever AI is transforming reporting wrong the newsroom, and wherefore helium thinks journalists and media executives request to squad up—even portion they proceed to vie fiercely. You tin work our full speech below, oregon perceive to it here.

This interrogation has been edited for magnitude and clarity.

KATIE DRUMMOND: AG, welcome. Thank you for being here.

A.G. SULZBERGER: It's large to beryllium here. Thanks for inviting me.

I privation to get into AI, and I will, but I would beryllium a unspeakable writer if I didn't commencement with quality that has precocious affected your paper.

Specifically, I'm talking astir the subpoenas that the Justice Department has issued to respective Times journalists astir their reporting connected the Air Force One pitchy that was talented to the Trump medication by Qatar. The Justice Department besides issued subpoenas to third-party telephone work providers to get substance messages and telephone calls betwixt immoderate of those journalists and their household members.

Thanks for starting there, due to the fact that it’s evidently yet different disturbing escalation successful the Trump administration's efforts to punish and undermine the escaped property successful this country.

First I should say, I person truthful overmuch admiration for the reporters who person done this enactment and who are doing it nether a antithetic benignant of unit than we person seen successful generations. I deliberation that by immoderate nonsubjective metric, this is the biggest effort to spell aft the property that we've seen from a White House astir apt since Woodrow Wilson, truthful successful much than a century.

These reporters conscionable continued, time aft day, to enactment their heads down, right? Not to get baited by the folks booing them oregon the folks cheering them on, and conscionable to bash their work. That enactment includes reporting things that the President of the United States doesn't privation the nationalist to cognize due to the fact that it whitethorn beryllium unflattering oregon embarrassing.

In this case, they reported a story, arsenic you said, connected the Qatari-donated jet, and it's a small unclear: Was it donated to the Trump medication oregon to Trump himself? A donation worthy hundreds of millions of dollars.

Right.

When that occurred, a batch of radical had questions astir whether it could ever beryllium unafraid capable to clasp the President of the United States and ferry him astir the world. Sure enough, our reporters recovered retired that connected 1 of its inaugural trips, its archetypal travel overseas to Turkey, determination were concerns that it was insufficiently equipped to respond to a threat, that the president had to alert backmost connected the archetypal Air Force One. He denied this initially. But we exposed the truth, which has subsequently been confirmed.

Then it gets adjacent stranger.

Every administration, we volition people thing that the President of the United States doesn't privation the American radical to know. Upsetting a president of either enactment is thing caller to us. What is caller is that the medication defied galore of its ain standards and practices and explicit guidelines to precise rapidly, successful the people of a time oregon two, service subpoenas connected these reporters. They went consecutive to the homes of reporters, successful an evident effort to intimidate them. As you said, we are present learning that they sought to get records, not conscionable from the reporters themselves, but from members of their families. It's a gross overreach.

Just to contextualize for listeners, however antithetic is each of that? To person instrumentality enforcement astatine your location arsenic a journalist, to beryllium subpoenaed close retired of the gate, to person those telephone records called up by the Justice Department. How weird is that?

I mean, it's highly unusual. It's precise rare. The closest examination that I person had astatine the Times successful my tenure—I've been successful this occupation astir a decade—happened successful the archetypal Trump administration, erstwhile immoderate of our newsman records were secretly seized by the Justice Department. In fact, that led to immoderate reforms successful the Justice Department aimed astatine curtailing that benignant of abuse.

On 1 broadside this is objectively precise rare—there was akin overreach, you whitethorn remember, successful a Washington Post lawsuit immoderate months ago, wherever they really raided the reporter's location and seized her devices—[but] connected the different [hand], this is gathering people disconnected of what I deliberation is simply a broader effort.

You person besides criticized different media outlets for capitulating to the administration, peculiarly astir settling what you've called winnable cases to appease Trump. Do you inactive spot your peers arsenic mostly capitulating?

I don't deliberation I ever said mostly capitulating. I really deliberation that the manufacture has mostly held its ground. And to beryllium precise clear, holding your crushed does not mean an adversarial posture. It means being consenting to people the information adjacent erstwhile almighty radical get aggravated astatine you for publishing it.

It means being consenting to inquire immoderate question, nary substance who it mightiness upset. I really deliberation that the industry, by and large, has done precise bully work. WIRED’s done bully work. The [Wall Street] Journal has done terrific work. The Associated Press. When the White House conditioned their continued entree to the White House connected them switching from calling a large assemblage of h2o the Gulf of America alternatively of the Gulf of Mexico, they didn’t instrumentality that sitting down.

I retrieve this.

They sued, and I deliberation rightly. They sued careless of whether they triumph the case, right?

Right.

One of the things that I'm saying to peers successful the manufacture regularly is that your rights lone clasp if you question to enforce them.

You whitethorn not triumph each battle, but the surest mode to suffer your rights is to avert your eyes, driblet your head, and effort to debar announcement and conscionable instrumentality what comes.

I bash deliberation that immoderate quality organizations person intelligibly felt the unit from the medication and I deliberation allowed that unit to impact coverage.

My colleagues successful Washington archer maine that they're regularly talking to reporters astatine different quality organizations who are saying that they volition nary longer prosecute definite stories, due to the fact that they're excessively disquieted that their editors volition termination them due to the fact that of fearfulness of retaliation, and that their exemplary is really to hold for an instauration similar the Times to study the story, and past they'll travel it, and they deliberation that that's a combat they tin win. But breaking the story, being the 1 to archetypal upset the White House, seems similar a roadworthy excessively far.

That is the explanation of chilling, right? That's erstwhile the connection that retaliation and punishment indispensable beryllium avoided gets down to the lowest levels of the newsroom. Now, my occupation arsenic steadfast of the Times is to marque definite the other connection is getting through, right?

After these large reporters were served these subpoenas, I called each of them and I said, “We person your back, and we'll bash immoderate we request to enactment you.” One of the things that I was astir encouraged to perceive successful those conversations, though not surprised, these are pugnacious guys, was that they said, “Oh, we're not gonna fto spell of this story.”

Good. As a writer myself, and I tally a work that takes vigor present and there, I interest sometimes astir however we amended construe that to the audience. So making definite the nationalist understands however indispensable this enactment is, and exposing them to the enactment itself, particularly successful the discourse of AI. How bash you deliberation astir that? What other tin quality organizations beryllium doing to marque definite that audiences are exposed to the enactment and spot and recognize the worth of the work, and what it means erstwhile that enactment stops happening?

Look, I hold that we haven't done bully capable of a occupation arsenic an manufacture connected that. We've benignant of taken it for granted. At the Times I deliberation astir conscionable the outsize concern we are making connected behalf of the public's close to know. We enactment reporters connected the crushed successful 150 countries past year. Every year, implicit 150 countries. Last year, we had reporters connected the crushed successful Myanmar, successful Sudan, successful Lebanon, successful Iran, successful Venezuela, successful Gaza, successful Israel, successful Russia.

In Ukraine alone, we had much than 70 journalists connected the ground. And I americium sure, though we've ne'er done it, that if we dug in, it's truly hard to find the fiscal lawsuit for those expenditures.

Yes. I would hold with you there.

I americium sure, though I've ne'er done it, that erstwhile I look astatine each the investigative reporting we've done, and this is reporting that takes months, sometimes years of enactment to nutrient a azygous story, that it would beryllium precise hard to warrant each those expenditures, right?

But I deliberation the nationalist sometimes doesn't cognize however overmuch institutions similar ours deliberation astir the civic good. I truly believe, arsenic our Founding Fathers did, and crossed each their lines of division, the Founding Fathers agreed that a escaped radical request a escaped property and that a state that aimed to steer itself needed entree to autarkic and reliable information.

Jefferson famously said, fixed the prime betwixt a authorities without a property oregon a property without the government, helium wouldn't hesitate to take the press. And that's due to the fact that this enactment truly does substance to society.

Journalism is rather simply precise often however you cognize what you know. Shifting implicit to AI, it's however AI knows what it knows.

Yes, let's get into that. In the discourse of AI successful journalism, I interruption it into 2 buckets. For WIRED, there's reporting connected this technological infinitesimal successful time, which is truly important. And past there's the abstracted question, though we screen that arsenic well, of however AI volition impact the signifier of journalism and the depletion of journalism.

I mean, determination are truly hard lines to locomotion here, and I'm funny astir however you deliberation astir that astatine The Times.

I deliberation my doctrine is you precise seldom successful beingness request to beryllium first. There is simply a hazard of jumping excessively rapidly into an emerging technology. And there's astir apt much hazard successful that than waiting, watching, learning, studying, experimenting softly down the scenes. I deliberation you saw immoderate of those risks, right? Like, deliberation astir the quality organizations that, successful my caput incredibly foolishly, decided to conscionable manus implicit afloat work for penning and publishing articles to AI. Mistakes were made.

Mistakes were made. And mistakes were published.

That is right. And not conscionable mistakes were published, but fake journalists were invented. It was a wholly foreseeable and unnecessary acceptable of mistakes. Humans are liable for everything we produce, period. And there's thing astir AI that has tricked radical into forgetting that it is simply a tool.

Well, it's a precise bully speech partner.

But erstwhile my colleagues say, "Well, what if AI makes a mistake?" I say, "Well, past it’s your occupation to find that mistake and instrumentality it retired of your work." You would ne'er inquire that astir a computer. What if a machine makes a mistake?

Well, you gotta find it, right? I presumption this arsenic a reporting tool. So we're utilizing it overmuch much successful reporting than writing, crafting, editing.

I deliberation AI is precise bully astatine spotting patterns and anomalies successful ample information sets. In galore ways, that's a beauteous bully summation of a large portion of reporting. You know, run concern reporting is fundamentally what are the patterns, however is the premix of donors to the Republicans and Democrats changing, large donors for tiny donors, and past anomalies.

One of the reporters who won our archetypal Pulitzer that progressive AI-supported reporting, what helium said to maine is, "You person to deliberation of AI arsenic a filter.”

In his case, helium was examining weaponry craters successful the Israel-Gaza conflict, and helium said that it regularly makes a definite benignant of mistake. So the mode to deliberation astir AI is it took millions of images and it shrunk it down to thousands of images. But it was his occupation arsenic a writer to look astatine each 1 of those thousands of images to marque definite helium felt assured successful the findings.

So that's the benignant of experimentation we're doing, and I deliberation betwixt that earthy posture of, we wanna instrumentality our clip and determination with curiosity and creativity, but besides immoderate grade of attraction and caution, and that we arsenic journalists, arsenic reporters, arsenic editors, are yet liable for the work.

I deliberation that's however we've avoided astir mistakes.

I hold with you. I deliberation it is simply a precise invaluable tool, oregon tin beryllium utilized to make precise invaluable tools, for reporting and for reporters, particularly arsenic newsrooms person gotten smaller. I deliberation there's a competitory vantage there. I volition accidental astatine WIRED we are gathering our ain AI tools for reporting, and 1 of the goals is really to bushed The New York Times much often. So we're trying to get clever successful ways that possibly different quality organizations aren't erstwhile it comes to utilizing AI.

Everyone needs competition. So we'll ticker with interest.

But successful a code recently, you besides said determination are aboriginal signs to beryllium acrophobic astir erstwhile it comes to however AI volition impact fact-based reporting. I mean, immoderate of those are obvious. But speech to maine astir what you spot arsenic those aboriginal signs. What worries you astir here?

It's truly important conscionable to spell backmost to what I referred to successful that code arsenic the archetypal misdeed of AI.

There are 4 ingredients successful bully AI products: There are the radical who constitute the code; determination is what we telephone compute, the chips and information centers, et cetera; determination is electricity; and determination is what Silicon Valley calls information but which is content, journalism, books, music, movies.

And let's conscionable spell done those 4 close now. On the coders, you virtually person contracts that are sports-star level.

Oh, they're paid similar NBA players. It's outrageous.

Hundreds of millions of dollars for a azygous idiosyncratic coder astatine times. Now let's look astatine compute and electricity. Literally, these companies are taking hundreds of billions of dollars of indebtedness successful bid to wage for those things. That's however large the prize is if they win. These are companies that each present person trillion-dollar valuations oregon near-trillion-dollar valuations, right? So the prize is big.

Now you get to data, and they've conscionable taken it. They've conscionable taken it all. Without support and without immoderate compensation, due to the fact that they thought they could. They deliberation they tin get distant with it. And if they tin get distant with that, past that boosts the nett margins of the richest and astir invaluable companies successful the past of humanity. And if the casualty is that it wholly guts what remains of our already financially beleaguered manufacture of journalism, truthful beryllium it.

If it wholly undermines the fiscal models for professions similar publication penning and euphony making and movies and TV and world research, past truthful beryllium it.

That is objectively the incorrect happening to do. It is besides not allowed nether US law. Protections for what is called intelligence spot day backmost each the mode to the Constitution, truthful it is not ineligible to travel successful and instrumentality each this work.

Why does this each matter? Why bash I consciousness immoderate grade of alarm astir this? You cognize it has already been challenging to vie with the elephantine platforms that fundamentally workout a monopoly implicit quality attention, right?

That's a small overstated, but if you added up each the minutes of a day, a fistful of platforms and a fistful of companies inhabit the immense bulk of those, right? But present you're not conscionable competing with companies that are controlling the immense bulk of quality attention, right? Companies that are really designed to beryllium maximally intermediating. Companies that consciousness that AI volition enactment champion if it sits successful betwixt the idiosyncratic and the contented creator.

Google is 1 benignant of truly salient illustration here.

It's hard to overstate the grade to which publishers relied connected postulation from Google referral links and the grade to which that postulation has disappeared successful the past year, year-and-a-half, arsenic Google has introduced AI. So present erstwhile you search, you get an AI Overview.

It's reasonably helpful, usually adjuvant capable that you don't request to click through. Even conscionable that alteration has been crushing.

And you are suing, you are successful a years-long lawsuit. You said precocious you've spent, what, $20 cardinal connected this ineligible conflict against respective large AI companies for copyright infringement. How is that suit going, if I whitethorn ask?

And I'm curious, what is your perfect result from that lawsuit, not conscionable for The New York Times but for the quality manufacture much broadly. What bash you anticipation to execute there?

Let maine archetypal conscionable linger connected the fig you conscionable said. We are 2 and a fractional years into this lawsuit. Two and a fractional years. And we person spent good implicit $20 cardinal connected this lawsuit, and we are not yet done discovery.

I didn't recognize that. Wow.

Yeah. So erstwhile you deliberation astir this archetypal sin, this theft of each originative enactment ever created, it amounts to this immense wealthiness transfer, right? From creators and researchers astir the satellite to the biggest tech companies successful the past of humanity. That consciousness of impunity that they tin conscionable instrumentality our worldly is happening successful portion due to the fact that of however costly it is to enforce your rights. The Times, thankfully, we've worked truly hard to enactment ourselves successful a fiscal presumption wherever we tin enforce our rights.

Can you ideate being a small-town paper and being capable to instrumentality connected Google oregon OpenAI oregon Microsoft oregon Perplexity.

I mean, it's not gonna happen.

It's impossible. It's conscionable wholly unfeasible. So these companies person been backed into this atrocious position, wherever AI companies person already stolen your stuff. They accidental explicitly they're going to usage it regardless, and past sometimes they'll propulsion a small spot of wealth your way. What bash you do? Do you effort to walk what whitethorn extremity up being $40 cardinal connected a lawsuit? Or bash you judge the pennies connected each dollar you spent to make your enactment conscionable to recoup something?

We deliberation it's truly important to enforce our rights and accidental “absolutely not.” Like, you privation to usage our stuff, that requires permission, and that requires just compensation.

Someone needs to combat that fight. Thankfully, we're not the lone ones filing a suit similar this. A fig of different publishers successful the manufacture person filed akin lawsuits.

Our genitor institution has a few.

Silicon Valley has tried to represent our suit arsenic anti-tech.

They have.

It is not anti-tech. It is anti-theft, and anytime you perceive the anti-tech line, I conscionable privation you to representation Jensen Huang coming down onto the level of his Nvidia factory, discovering that Sam Altman has snuck successful and has arms afloat of chips and he's moving retired of the building.

What a visual.

And Jensen says, "Hey, you're not allowed to instrumentality that." And Sam Altman says, "If you archer maine that I can't instrumentality this, you're anti-tech, Jensen. You're gonna marque China win."

We are not anti-tech. We are anti-theft. This is not astir money. This is astir the quality to prolong indispensable work.

You've talked a fewer times astir our profession, journalists and quality executives, linking hands connected this contented of AI. Teaming up to get up of it, to win. What does it look similar to you to vie and squad up astatine the aforesaid time? Because we each vie fiercely.

Well, who would you accidental was the closest, fiercest rival of The New York Times if you look astatine the past fractional century? The Washington Post.

I was reasoning it successful my head, trying to beryllium emotionally generous. But that is the answer.

The Washington Post was our fiercest competitor. And lad are they fierce.

And to their credit, they inactive are.

To this day, determination are truthful galore bully journalists astatine The Washington Post, and not a week goes by without them publishing thing that I'm conscionable salivating with envy implicit them having gotten first. So they were our fiercest competitors. They were besides our closest state erstwhile our manufacture came nether pressure.

Just deliberation astir the Pentagon Papers. The New York Times starts publishing the Pentagon Papers. The Nixon White House goes to warfare with The Times. It is truthful dark. The threats are intensifying truthful overmuch that my grandfather, who was steadfast astatine the time, has his full ineligible squad discontinue implicit his determination to people the stories, and they archer him helium whitethorn walk the remainder of his beingness successful jail.

And helium starts carrying a toothbrush successful his pocket, successful lawsuit he's hauled disconnected astatine immoderate moment.

The caller enactment was truly important?

Fresh enactment was truly important to him successful prison. So we people the stories, we defy the Nixon White House, and yet we volition triumph the ineligible lawsuit that establishes the close that the authorities cannot found what's called anterior restraint, support you from publishing thing successful advance.

We volition extremity up winning that ineligible right. But there's a play successful which we are locked down. When the tribunal has ordered america to halt publication. And what happens the adjacent day? The Washington Post picks up wherever we near off. And I could springiness you a twelve of those stories.

Our journalists were each kicked retired of China successful retaliation for immoderate of the actions of the archetypal Trump administration. Who was my archetypal call? It was Fred Ryan astatine The Washington Post. And my 2nd telephone was Will Lewis astatine The Wall Street Journal, and we decided that we would rise concerns astir these actions collectively.

Let's vie connected the stories each time long. Let's vie for the champion journalists each time long. And past erstwhile our rights are attacked—the aforesaid rights that support maine are the rights that support you and vice versa—we each travel together. I deliberation that's the posture we request successful the look of these AI abuses.

There are things we tin bash collectively. We tin archer the communicative of these abuses and assistance the nationalist recognize them. We tin archer the communicative of journalism, what journalism is and wherefore it matters, and the information it faces if these abuses are allowed to continue. We tin enforce our rights.

How bash you win? How does our manufacture win? Our manufacture is not gonna triumph compared to the tech giants. We are a tiny small minnow.

Well, let’s accidental winning is synonymous with surviving.

And that's it. What I americium disquieted about, and what you're disquieted about, and each our peers crossed the industry, is not astir getting elephantine and bigger. That's what the folks successful Silicon Valley are disquieted about. They privation to instrumentality implicit the world. We privation an indispensable profession, an indispensable service. The enactment of seeking the truth, helping radical recognize the world, holding powerfulness to account. We privation that to survive, and I truly judge that ideology needs it to survive.

Who other does these things if journalists don't? Is AI going to spell to the beforehand lines of the Ukraine struggle and amusement what's happening there? Is AI going to walk years gathering the sources that we request to yet get Trump's taxes and supply the fullest representation of Trump's wealthiness and the conflicts inherent successful that.

AI can't bash immoderate of those things. And truthful we request journalists for it, and AI needs journalists for it. So we request to travel up with a sustainable model for each of this.

And I would reason 1 that ensures that The New York Times is not the lone crippled successful town. You guys request competitors.

Look, we are the archetypal to accidental that.

I mean, you are a behemoth.

It's absorbing that you accidental that we're a behemoth, and you screen behemoths present astatine WIRED.

You are a behemoth successful the discourse of the quality industry.

I truly privation to dilatory it down. The newsroom astatine The New York Times, we're truly arrogant of it, has fundamentally doubled the fig of journalists that we person to 2,400. That is simply a driblet successful the bucket of the fig of journalists that this state needs.

I could not hold more.

We’ve reached this astonishing milestone. We deed 13 cardinal subscribers. We're aiming for 15, and that sounds similar a large fig until you retrieve that Netflix is implicit 300 million, and you person another, you know, fractional twelve with a hundred, 200 cardinal subscribers.

Actually it's each the mode down the database to Crunchyroll. Crunchyroll has much subscribers than The New York Times. We are the largest subordinate successful our beleaguered industry. But what we request is the full manufacture to beryllium overmuch bigger. If you're going to accidental that The New York Times is the country's starring quality organization, bash we truly deliberation that the country's starring quality enactment should person less subscribers than an anime streaming service?

Well, erstwhile you enactment it similar that, A.G., I agree. What I privation is for a 23-year-old writer to look astatine this manufacture and think, "I could enactment there, I could enactment there, I could enactment there. Or possibly I could enactment there." There are not capable places to constituent to.

I mean, determination are different occurrence stories. I deliberation The Journal has been doing extraordinarily good and doing large work. The Post had an astonishing decennary and earlier a mates of truly pugnacious years. The Atlantic, The New Yorker. Bloomberg whitethorn inactive beryllium the largest newsroom successful America.

But determination aren't enough. And peculiarly astatine the section level. We've seen an 80 percent nonaccomplishment successful the fig of moving journalists astatine the section level successful this state implicit the past 2 decades.

It is wholly untenable, and it is not bully for anyone. One of the things that makes maine admit Meredith [Kopit Levien] truthful much, she's our CEO, she's the apical commercialized person of the organization, and immoderate clip she is asked, she says, “I would overmuch alternatively physique a marketplace for journalism than to physique a concern for journalism,” similar a backstage business.

She wants to physique up that market, due to the fact that the much we physique up that market, the stronger we volition each be. You'll person much endowment successful the market. You volition person much contention for stories, which makes america each stronger.

It's besides conscionable truly important for America. Studies amusement that erstwhile you suffer section journalism successful your community, fundamentally each unhealthy civic metric goes up. Loneliness goes up, distrust goes up, voting goes down. Corruption goes up.

When you've got a beardown section quality organization, I deliberation astir Minneapolis, the Star Tribune, oregon The Seattle Times, the Baltimore Banner is doing astonishing work. You spot amended civic outcomes. So I deliberation it's important for the industry; it's important for the country.

Let maine extremity connected this, due to the fact that we've talked astir a clump of truly pugnacious stuff. Crunchyroll volition enactment with me. What makes you optimistic? When you aftermath up successful the greeting oregon you're going to furniture astatine nighttime and you person a cardinal things to interest about, you person a two-and-a-half-year, $20-million-plus suit among them, you person the Justice Department knocking connected the doorway of your journalists, what gives you anticipation and optimism for this industry?

It's a bully question. This feels similar a infinitesimal of large challenge, of existential situation for our profession.

I effort not to unit myself to avert my eyes from that. Because you privation to avert your eyes from that. But I deliberation the AI challenge, I deliberation the property state challenge, I deliberation besides the situation of serving this incredibly polarized, tribalized public—I deliberation of those arsenic benignant of the 3 large challenges of my tenure, and those are archetypal and foremost.

At the extremity of the hardest days, what makes maine consciousness similar it's each worthy it—and this isn't to dependable corny, it's true, and you tin inquire my kids, due to the fact that they're ever complaining astir it—is speechmaking the paper. Just to punctual myself, “Oh, this is what I'm warring for.”

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